Past Perfect

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Script: Past Perfect and Continuous

First Slide

Hello everyone. Today we’re going to be focusing on past perfect simple and continuous tenses.

Second Slide 

So here we have some example sentences.

“They had heard a lot about each other before they met.”

“She had worked hard before she became a manager.”

“The fish died because I had forgotten to feed it.”

Third Slide

Let’s take a look at the structure for past perfect simple.

“The fish died because I had forgotten to feed it.”

So, our structure is, subject + had + past participle

“The fish died because I had forgotten to feed it.”

Fourth Slide 

Looking at this tense on a timeline, we can see that two past events happened.

The first event, I had forgotten to feed the fish.

And the second event, the fish died.

So the first event has an effect on the second event.

Forgetting to feed the fish has caused the fish to die.

Fifth Slide  

The reason we use the past perfect simple tense is to show which of two past actions happened first or to show the reason for a past event.

Sixth Slide  

Let’s move on to the past perfect continuous tense.

“I had been working there for 3 years when I finally decided to leave.”

“She was tired because she had been running for 2 hours.”

“They had been talking for a while before they finally left.”

Seventh Slide

Let’s look at the first sentence.

“She was tired because she had been running for 2 hours.”

So, our structure is, subject + had + been + present participle (which is the -ing ending)

So,“She was tired because she had been running for 2 hours.”

Eighth Slide  

Here is the tense on a timeline.

She had been running for 2 hours. That’s a continuous action. It then made her tired in the past.

So, she had been running for 2 hours, and then, she was tired.

Ninth Slide  

The two functions of the past perfect continuous tense are:

To show an ongoing event that happened before another event.

To show the (continuous) reason for a past event.

Tenth Slide  

Let’s compare the two timelines.

So, as you can see the past perfect simple has two completed actions in the past while the past perfect continuous, the first action is a continuous action.

Eleventh Slide  

Some things to remember for the past perfect simple tense, is that the action that happened second is in the past simple.

So:“They had heard a lot about each other before they met.”

Twelfth Slide  

Some things to remember for the past perfect continuous tense, is that the reason for the past event is continuous.

So: “She was tired because she had been running for 2 hours.”

Thirteenth Slide 

So, thank you for watching!